Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Urbanization in Bogra Municipal Area of Bangladesh

Abstract

Bangladesh is not only a developing country but also an over populated one. Its population is increasing rapidly day by day. We cannot control it successfully. The country is trying for development since 1971, after liberation. But its development is hindered due to lack of proper management of its growing population. Urbanization in this country is increasing at a very high rate, but with this, urban facilities are not increasing at the required rate. In this dissertation, the impact of urbanization on social characteristics like-age structure, educational facilities and literacy, health care and maternity services, family planning activities, migration, population density, traffic Jam, women empowerment, social consciousness, norms and values and social recreational facilities have been examined. Here it has also analyzed the impact of urbanization on economic characteristics like-financial classification, occupational structure, consumption pattern, housing pattern, sources of drinking water, electricity facility, transport and communication, financial institutions, land value, land ownership and house ownership as well as the impact of urbanization on environmental characteristics like-flora, fauna, cultivation, sanitary facilities, sewerage systems, pollution, slums, drug addiction, prostitution and law and order situation. This dissertation is done by collecting primary data from grass root level through field survey. Fourteen (14) sets of questionnaire including one hundred and forty seven (14 7) 'closed' and 'open ended' questions were prepared for collecting information from the selected one hundred and thirty three ( 13 3) respondents. The secondary data is collected from related published and reported materials including books, articles, research reports, official documents, theses and dissertations. The collected data from primary and secondary sources are presented in tabular form. Opinions have also been taken from the civil society to analyze the causes and effects of the impact of urbanization.