Adaptation and Cultivation of Different Strain of Shiitake (Lentinus Edodes) Mushroom Under Bangladesh Condition

Abstract

Several experiments were conducted at National Mushroom Development and Extension Center (NAMDEC), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period from July 2011 to March 2014 to study the adaptation and cultivation of shiitake mushroom as affected by different strains, seasons, supplement, substrate, opening pattern, amount of substrate and age of spawn packet. All the experiments except seasonal effect were a two factor experiment. These experiments were laid out in the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. In the first experiment 23 strains of shiitake mushroom were cultivated in four seasons (autumn, late autumn, winter and spring) to select the suitable strain and best season for production of shiitake mushroom. The highest mycelium growth rate (7.95 mm/day) and the lowest time required to completion of mycelium running (12.25) was found in autumn season by the strain Le 19. Le 8 gave the highest yield (191.00 g) and highest biological efficiency (109.10 %) in winter season. The strain Le 8 also gave highest yield (145.00 g) and highest biological efficiency (83.29 %) in autumn season. Le 16 gave the highest yield (175.00 g) and highest biological efficiency (100.30%) in late autumn season which was statistically similar to the strain Le 8 and second highest yield (171.80 g) in winter season. Le 12 gave second highest yield (99.00 g) and biological efficiency (56.57 %) in autumn season which was statistically similar to Le 11. Le 1 gave the highest yield (163.50 g) and highest biological efficiency (93.43 %) in spring season but no yield was obtained in autumn season. Le 13 did not produce any fruit body, so no yield was found from the strain in any season. In second experiment three different types of supplement and two strains of shiitake mushroom (Le 8 and Le 11) were used to identify the best supplement and suitable strain for cultivation of shiitake mushroom. The highest mycelium growth rate (0.51 cm) was found in strain Le 8 and rice bran treatment combination while lowest mycelium growth rate (0.34 cm) was found in Le 8 and wheat bran treatment combination. The highest time required to completion of mycelium running (45 days) was obtained from the strain Le 11 and rice bran + wheat bran (1:1) treatment

combination and the lowest time required to completion of mycelium running (33.25 days) was obtained from the strain Le 8 with wheat bran treatment combination. The maximum time (105.00 days) required for bump formation from the treatment combination of strain Le 11 with wheat bran and the minimum time (81.00 days) was found from strain Le 8 with maize powder treatment combination. The highest number of effective fruiting body (45.50) was recorded in Le 11 with wheat bran treatment combination which was statistically similar to Le 8 with wheat bran. The lowest number of effective fruiting body (11.50) was recorded from strain Le 8 with rice bran treatment combination. The highest yield (159.00 g) was recorded in Le 8 with wheat bran treatment combination. The lowest yield (98.25 g) was recorded from strain Le 11 with rice bran treatment combination. In third experiment ten different substrates containing sawdust of teak chambul (Michelia campaca), ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), teak (Tectona grandis), gamari (Gmelina arborea), rain tree (Albizia saman), mahagony (Swietenia mahagoni), mango (Mangifera indica), mixed sawdust, mixed woodchips, rice straw and two strains of shiitake mushroom were used to identify the suitable strain and best substrate for cultivation of shiitake mushroom. The highest mycelium growth rate (4.50 mm/day) was found from the treatment combination of Le 8 with mango sawdust and the lowest mycelium growth rate (1.00 mm/day) was found from the treatment combination of the strain Le 12 with woodchips. The lowest time required to completion of mycelium running (23.75 days) was found from the treatment combination of Le 8 with mango sawdust and the highest time required to completion of mycelium running (106.50 days) was found from the treatment combination of the strain Le 12 with woodchips. Time required to bump formation (120.80 days), time required from opening to first harvest (15.50 days) and time required for harvest (136.30 days) was found highest from the treatment combination of Le 8 with teak chambul. The lowest time required to bump formation (90.75 days) was found from the treatment combination Le 8 with rain tree and the lowest time required from opening to first harvest (2.50 days) was found from the treatment combination of Le 12 with sawdust of ipil-ipil. The lowest time required for harvest (99.00 days) was found highest from the treatment combination of Le 8 with gamari. The highest

number of fruiting body (43.75) and the highest number of effective fruiting body (33.75) was also highest in Le 8 when grown on mango sawdust. Yield attributes of two strains such as stalk diameter, pileus diameter and pileus thickness were significantly higher when culture on mango sawdust. The highest yield (189.80 g) and biological efficiency (108.4%) were recorded from the strain Le 8 grown on mixed sawdust followed by mango sawdust. In general, performance of Le 8 was better than Le 12 in terms of yield and yield contributing characters. In fourth experiment eleven types of opening pattern during incubation for early bump initiation such as top open place on floor, top open place on rack, total open and covered with polypropylene bag place on floor, total open and covered with polypropylene bag place on rack, only cotton plug open and place on floor, no open and place on floor, only cotton plug open and place on rack, no open and place on rack (control), total open and place on rack, total open and place on floor, no open and place on culture house floor were used on growth, yield and yield attributes of two strains (Le 8, Le 16) of shiitake mushroom to find out the appropriate opening pattern and suitable strain. The highest time required for bump formation (120.80 days), highest time required for harvest (129.50 days) was observed from the strain Le 8 with T8 (no open and place on rack i.e. control) treatment combination and the lowest time required for bump formation (105.00 days), lowest time required for harvest (111.00 days) was observed from the strain Le 16 with T5 (only cotton plug open and place on floor) treatment combination. The highest number of fruiting body (62.00), the highest number of effective fruiting body (37.25), highest yield (193.00 g) and highest biological efficiency (110.30%) were recorded from the strain Le 16 with treatment T5 (Only cotton plug open and place on floor). The lowest number of fruiting body (2.00), the lowest number of effective fruiting body (1.25), lowest yield (29.00 g) and lowest biological efficiency (16.57%) were recorded from the strain Le 8 with treatment T10 (Total open and place on floor). In general, performance of Le 16 was better than Le 8 in terms of yield and yield contributing characters. In fifth experiment four different amounts of substrates (300g, 500g, 750g and 1000g) and four strains (Le 8, Le 11, Le 12 and Le 16) of shiitake mushroom were cultivated

to know the optimum amount of substrate and to select the best performing strain. The growth, yield and yield contributing characters of shiitake mushroom were significantly influenced by the different amount of substrate. The time required for mycelium running and total harvest were increased with the increases of amount of substrate. The number of fruiting body was highest (81.50) in 500g size of spawn packet with Le 12 treatment combination and it was lowest (1.25) in 1000g size of spawn packet with the strain of Le 8 and Le 16 treatment combination. The maximum yield (135.80 g) was recorded from the strain Le 12 when cultured on 500g size of spawn packet and the lowest yield (24.50 g) was obtained from 750g size of spawn packet with similar strain. The highest biological efficiency (85.47%) was observed in the treatment combination of 300g spawn packet with Le 11. The biological efficiency decreased with the increase of size of spawn packet. Among the strain Le 12 perform better than other strain and 500 g size of spawn packet was appropriate. In sixth experiment ten different age (40, 50, 60, 70 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 and 130 days) of spawn packets and two strain (Le 8 and Le 16) of shiitake mushroom were cultured to determine the right age of spawn packet and to select the best strain for shiitake mushroom cultivation. A wide variation was observed in yield and biological efficiency in different ages. The highest yield (179.50 g) and highest biological efficiency (102.60%) were recorded from the treatment combination of 90 days old spawn packet with the strain Le 16 followed by 100 and 110 days old spawn packets with same strain and the lowest yield (36.75 g) and lowest biological efficiency (21.00%) were found in 60 days old spawn packet with Le 16 strain. No yield was obtained from the 40 and 50 days old spawn packets.