Impact of ‘One House One Farm Project’ on Dairy and Poultry Production in Rajshahi District, Bangladesh

Abstract

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the ‘One House One Farm Project’ on dairy and poultry production at 9 Upazilas of Rajshahi district from July 2012 to June 2015. The whole study have been done into 5 separate experiments (5 Study) to get the expected goals. Study-I: Present scenario of ‘One House One Farm Project’ of Rajshahi district The 1st study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ‘One House One Farm Project’ (OHOFP) involving the farmers and money in 6 agricultural trades such as Fisheries, Poultry, Livestock (Dairy), Nursery, Vegetables and Others using secondary data obtained from 9 Upazila administrative offices of Rajshahi district from January to April 2015. The aim of this study was to find out the contribution of different agricultural trades involving farmers (members) and mobilization of fund (money) of OHOFP. This study investigated that agricultural trade wise involvement of the farmers in 9 Upazilas were significantly different (P≤0.05). A total 35288 farmers were involved under agricultural trades and most of them worked in Livestock (22103). Among 9 Upazilas the highest and lowest involvement (6974) and (2876) of farmers were recorded for Bagmara and Paba, respectively. On the other hand, only 799 farmers took Nursery trade while the highest loan recovery (76.76%) came from this trade. Total amount of loan Tk. 3867.05 lac was disbursed among the members of OHOFP where the highest disbursement Tk. 2474.71 lac (63.99%) was in Livestock (Dairy) whereas the loan recovery was near to lowest (33.98%) from this trade. The Bagha Upazila showed the best skill to recover loan and Bagmara showed the poorest performance in recovering 48.25% and 23.60% loan, respectively. It was concluded that a lot of farmers have got an opportunity to receive loan for the operating the agricultural trades to meet the food security against 16 crores peoples of Bangladesh as well as increased income generation under OHOFP of Rajshahi district in Bangladesh. STUDY-II: Factors influencing the productive and reproductive parameters of dairy cows under OHOFP at Rajshahi district The aim of the study-II was to find out factors influencing the productive and reproductive parameters of dairy cows in project areas of Rajshahi district during July 2013 to June 2015. A total of 219 dairy cows of five breeds (Local, Local × Friesian, Local × Sahiwal, Local x Jersey and Local × Sindhi) were considered for this research. In all dairy cows average mean values (mean ± S.E) of age of puberty 25.6±0.3 month (m), age of first calving 36.9±0.3 m, post-partum heat period (PPHP) 92.4±2.3 day (d), services per conception (S/C) 1.3±0.0, gestation length 280.8±0.2 d, calving interval 13.6±0.2 m, birth weight of calf 21.7±0.3 kg, milk yield per day per cow 3.7±0.2 liter, lactation length 191.0±4.8 d, total lactation yield 708.3±42.2 liter and total milk selling 31.7±2.0 thousand taka/cow were observed. There were significant (P<0.001) effects of breed (genotype), age, parity, body weight and body condition on the productive and reproductive performances (PRP) of dairy cows. There were also significant (P<0.05) effects of overall housing system, feeding practices, feed quality, veterinary caring, breeding method and socio-economic status of farmers. Considering, age of puberty, age of 1st calving, birth weight of calf, daily milk yield per cow, total lactation yield and total milk selling were significantly (P<0.001) highly influenced by the breeds (genotypes) specially Local × Friesian. The Local × Friesian breed showed the highest PRP and Local breeds showed the lowest PRP. The cows of >5 to <7 years age group, 3rd Parity (3rd calving stage), >200 kg body weight and good body condition were showed the best PRP. In considering management factors, the concrete housing pattern group, concrete-concrete floor type, good condition of overall housing system, proper ventilation system, stall feeding practices, good quality concentrate feed, treated by veterinarian group and artificial insemination group of breeding method showed the best PRP. In case of socio-economic status of dairy farmers, the marginal and >10000 taka monthly income group of farmers showed better PRP of dairy cows. STUDY-III: Productive performances (PP) of broiler farms in OHPFP areas of Rajshahi district The objective of this study was to assess the PP of broiler farms in project areas of Rajshahi district during July 2013 to June 2015. A total of 60 broiler farms (n=30250 birds) of three strains (Cob 500, n=24600, Hubbard Classic, n=2750 and Ross 308, n=2900) were considered for this study. In all broiler farms average mean values (mean ± S.E) of feed intake per broiler up to marketing age (28-32 d) 3.01±0.02 kg, body weight gain per broiler 1.73±0.02 kg, FCR 1.75±0.02, production cost per broiler 192.79±1.23 taka, total production cost 97.61±6.09 thousand taka/batch (b), selling price per broiler 216.85±2.31 taka, total selling price 109.00±6.64 thousands taka/b, profit per broiler 25.12±2.10 taka and net profit 12.21±1.14 thousands taka/b were observed. There were significant (P<0.001) effects of breeds, chick quality and farm size of broiler farms on PP of broilers. In managemental factors, there were also significant (P<0.05) effects of housing pattern, overall housing system, overall ventilation system and feed quality of broilers. In case of socio-economic status of farmers, there were slightly significant (P<0.05) effects of social status, economic status, education, land owning and sex of farmers. Considering body weight gain per broiler, FCR, selling price per broiler and profit per broiler were significantly (P<0.001) influenced by the broiler strains. Semi-paca house, overall good housing system, overall excellent ventilation system, excellent quality feed of broilers, ultra-poor, <10000 taka income per month group of farmers, none education group of farmers and the female farmers showed the best broiler performances. It was suggested that Cob 500 broiler strain showed the best PP in all parameters.

STUDY-IV: Productive performances (PP) of layer farms in OHPFP areas of Rajshahi district A total of 22 layer farms (n=17050 chickens) of six breeds (Hyline Brown, n=4250; Hisex Brown, n=5300; Hyline White, n=3000; Bovans White, n=2400; Navogen Brown, n=2000 and Deshi or Local, n=100) were considered for this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate the PP of layer farms under project areas in 6 Upazilas of Rajshahi district during July 2013 to June 2015. In all farms average mean values (mean ± S.E) of feed intake per layer per m 3.30±0.14 kg, egg mass per layer per m 1.60±0.06 kg, FCR 2.05±0.05, egg productivity percent 87.00±2.91, production cost per layer per m 133.89±5.97 taka, total production cost 108.55±12.20 thousand taka/batch (b), selling price of eggs per layer per m 177.65±6.61 taka, total selling price 140.54±14.98 thousand taka/b, profit per layer per m 43.75±3.64 taka and net profit 31.99±3.81 thousand taka/b were observed. There were significant (P<0.001) effects of breeds, chick quality, farm size and age of layer farms on PP. In managemental factors, there were also significant (P<0.001) effects of housing pattern, floor type of laying house, overall housing system, overall ventilation system and feed quality of layers. In case of socio-economic status of farmers, there were again significant (P<0.001) effects of social status, economic status (income per m), land owning and sex of layer farmers. Considering the PP, feed intake per layer per m, egg mass per layer per m, egg productivity %, production cost per layer per m, total production cost/b, selling price of eggs per layer per month and profit per layer per m were significantly (P<0.001) influenced by the breeds of layers. Hyline Brown, Hisex Brown, Hyline White and Bovans White showed better PP and Deshi or Local showed the worst PP. It was observed excellent quality chick, farm size of > 500 to < 1000 layers and >6 to 12 month age of layers showed best PP. In managemental factors, semi-paca house, bambo or iron made case, overall good housing system, overall excellent ventilation system and excellent quality feed of layers showed the best PP. In considering socio-economic status of farmers, marginal and >10000 taka income per m group of farmers showed best layer PP. It is also observed that >33 decimal land owners and the male farmers showed better PP. It was suggested that Navogen Brown layer breed showed the best PP in all parameters. Study-V: Assessment the quality of dairy, broiler and layer feed used under OHOFP of Rajshahi district by Proximate Analysis The aim of the study-V was to assess the quality of dairy, broilers and layer feed used by the farmers within OHOFP areas at Rajshahi district. In this study, eight types of concentrate feeds such as wheat bran, rice polish, oil cake (Mohsina), broken rice, lentil bran, pea bran, maize crust and anchor bran along with two types of roughage feeds like straw and durba grass were analyzed for 7 nutrient ingredients viz. moisture, Dry Matter (DM), Crude Protein (CP), Total Ash (TA), Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA), Crude Fiber (CF) and Ether Extract (EE) by Department of Livestock Services (DLS) laboratory, Dhaka within January to June 2015. Concentrates and roughages feed ingredients of cows feeds, feed ingredients of broiler grower and Layer-1 feeds were differed significantly (P<0.05). Among the feeds, oil cake (Mohsina) carried maximum CP (31.44%) an important factor for proper growth of dairy cows. The ingredient of three types of broiler feeds i.e. broiler grower (Nourish), broiler grower (Quality) and broiler grower (Aftab) were analyzed where the feed broiler grower (Nourish) showed the highest values of moisture (15.97%), CP (23.94%), TA (6.80%), CF (2.81%), and EE (5.07%). The value of DM was highest (89.01%) in Broiler Grower (Aftab) and all the feeds showed same value (0.43%) of AIA. In case of layer feeds, Layer-1 (Nourish) feed was the best for Layer-1 due to highest value of CP (21.01%) than other feeds like Layer-1 (Quality) and Layer-1 (Aftab). It was suggested that farmers could use oil cake (Mohsina), broiler grower (Nourish) and Layer-1 (Nourish) feed for dairy, broiler and layer farms respectively due to their highest CP values. Finally, it was recommended that OHOFP is an effective program for income generation of agricultural farmers especially dairy, broiler and layers enterprises to increase more production and also Local x Friesian cross bred cows are huge producing profitable breed, Cob 500 broiler strain & Navogen Brown layer breed are suitable for poultry farming, oil cake (Mohsina), broiler grower (Nourish) and Layer-1 (Nourish) feed are very effective feed for dairy, broiler and layers production performances for the food security and food safety of Bangladesh.