Eco- friendly Pest Control in Vegetable Fields Using Botanicals form Jute (Corchorus capsularies)

Abstract

The study consists of two different types of experiments: screening of botanicals and evaluation of the comparative performances of siperin and botanicals including jute seed for the control of vegetables pest. This Ph.D. research work was carried out in three years (July, 2011-June, 2014) in the laboratory of the Entomology Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensing and Botanical Pesticides Lab., Institute of Environmental Science, Rajshahi University. In the screening experiment, extracts of ten selected botanicals viz. jute seed (Corchorus capsularies), jute leaves (Corchorus capsularies), urmoi leaves (Sapium imdicum), arahar leaves (Cajanus cajan), custard apple leaves (Annona reticuleta), ganda leaves and stems (Tagetes patula), nisinda leaves (Vitex negundo), lantana leaves (Lantana camara), kalomegh leaves and stems (Andrographis paniculata) and holde hurhuri (Cleome viscosa) were applied on red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid and ovserved the significamnt mortality (%) at the different days of intervals. In case of red pumpkin beetle, jute seed exerted the mortality upto 70% at 24 hours, which reached to 83.33% at 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. During this period, jute seed showed about 1.90, 1.49, 4.19, 1.10, 7.00, 3.00, 1.49, 4.19 and 5.25 times higher performances in comparison with jute leaves, urmoi leaves, arhar leaves, custard apple leaves, ganda leaves, nisinda leaves, lantana leaves, kalomegh and halde hurhuri, respectively. This trend of insecticidal efficiences were also almost applicable in black been aphid and okra jassid at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. However, there was no significant variation between the botanicals but in most of the cases, jute seed showed the highest performance whereas custard apple leaves and urmoi leaves ranked in the 2nd and 3rd highest positions, respectively. After screening three best botanicals eg. jute seeds, custard apple leaves and urmoi leaves were applied on red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid (@ 5%, 7.5% and 10%) along with chemical insecticide siperin (@ 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.2%) in the laboratory condition. This study identified significant effect of botanicals as well as siperin on the mortality (%) of red pumpkin beetle. Siperin caused 63.33% mortality after 96 hrs. In the same interval (96 hrs) jute seed and custard apple leaves as well as urmoi leaves showed mortality upto 46.50, 38.33 and 37.50%. The study also found that the significant effect of botanicals and siperin on % weight loss of cucumber leaves where siperin caused lowest (28.02%) and jute seed produced the 2nd minimum 29.74 % wt. loss, respectively. The study also measured the mortality (%) of black bean aphid upto 66.67% for siperin, 53.36 % from jute seed, 44.17% from custard apple leaves and 42.50% from urmoi leaves after 48 hrs intervals. On the other hand, mortality (%) of okra jassid found upto 62.08% in siperin whereas jute seed, custard apple and urmoi leaves revealed 48.75, 36.67 and 35.00% mortality, respectively at the same interval. Howover, the study confirmed that a higher concentration of botanicals and a long treatment time ensured more % mortality of red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid. The study also estimated the significant effect of siperin (0.1%) and botanicals (10%) on growth parameters and yield of vegetables, cucumber (3.96 kg/plant as the highest yield such even than that of siperin), country bean (1.78 kg/plant as the 2nd highest pod yield just after siperin) and okra (0.854 kg/plant having no statistical differences with siperin). The study concluded that amongst the studied botanicals, jute seed mostly minimized the insect infestation, control treatment gave the lowest performences in respect to vegetative growth and yield as well as insect infestation in cucumber, country bean and okra fields.