Epidemiology of Repeat Breeding of Dairy Cows in Bangladesh

Abstract

The present study was to investigate the repeat breeding of dairy cows in relation to breed, age, parity, body weight, body condition score, farm type, farm size, housing system, floor type, feed quality, breeding method, preventive measure and treatment provider in Bangladesh. A total 1207 dairy cows in Rajshahi district during the period from August, 2011 to January, 2013 to study the overall incidence of repeat breeding as well as isolation of organism and antibiotic sensitivity test of repeat breeder cows at Rajshahi in Bangladesh and 100 cows for therapeutic approach to evaluate the efficacy of drugs against repeat breeding. Extensive survey and data were collected from private dairy farm from Rajshahi district of Bangladesh and a government farm namely Rajshahi Dairy and Cattle Improvement Farm, Rajabarihat, Rajshahi. The data collected by using structured quiestionnaire and direct interview of the farmer. Sorted data and complied with the help of computer software SPSS and analyzed and finally commented by the incidence & chi-square test. The overall incidence of repeat breeding of dairy cows was 20.4%. The highest incidence of repeat breeding observed in cross breed cows (19.7%), L×F genotype (8.5%), 6-<8 years of age (8.7%), 3rd parity (6.4%) 250-<350 kg body weight (10.3%), private farm (17.4%), large farm size (5.8%), AI breeding method (15.4%), Occasionally preventive measure (7.3%) and traditionally treatment provider (10.7%) on repeat breeder cows in Rajshahi. The lower incidence of repeat breeding were observed in local (0.7%) L×SL×SL genotype (3.0%), <4 years (3.3%), 6th parity (1.0%), >350kg body weight (4.1%), good body condition score (2.7%), government farm (3.0%), medium farm size (5.5%), good housing system (4.4%), natural breeding method (5.0%), no preventive measure (6.1%) and treatment by veterinarian (2.0%) had been taken. In total 100 (n=100) cows were selected for collection of uterine sample from repeat breed cows at Rajshahi district. A significant number of bacteria were identified from diseased samples and they were Fusobacterium spp 14 (45.16%) (p=0.000), Actinomyces spp 10 (32.25%) (p=0.003), Escherichia coli 12 (38.70%), Pseudomonas spp 11 (35.48%) (p=0.002) and Haemophilus spp 9(29.0%) (p=0.012). Identified Staphylococcus spp was 11 (35.48%) and Streptococcus spp 12 (38.78%). In average, Azithromycin was highly sensitive (99.38%), Penicillin (51.85%) and Oxytetracyclien (25.30) were highly resistance. Streptomycin was moderately sensitive (48.76%). Ciprofloxacin (93.20%), Kanamycin (73.45%), Gentamycin (55.55%) and Cephalexin (53.70%) were also sensitive. Therapeutic approach had significant effect (P<0.05) on treatment of repeat breeding of cows. Among therapeutic drugs Acriflavin + Metronedazole + Gentamycin Sulphate was the best group of all. The present results suggests that L×SL×SL, <4 years of age, 6th and above parity, <350 kg body weight, good body condition, Natural service and veterinarian treatment support significantly reduce the incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows. Additionally, a lot of microorganism were identify which are very harmful effect on fertility status of dairy cows in this study area as well as Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin were highly sensitive 99.38% and 93.20% respectively.