Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Osseointegration of Dental Implant

Abstract

Title: Effect of platelet rich plasma on osseointegration of dental implant. Background: Dental Implant is an alloplastic material that serves as root analogue for missing tooth. This is surgically inserted into the soft and hard tissue of the jaws primarily as prosthodontic foundation. Implant therapy offers many advantages over conventional fixed or removable treatment options and in many cases is the treatment of choice. The clinical success of implant therapy in edentulous and partially edentulous patients is well documented and clinicians realize the benefits of adopting implant therapy in their practices. Presently it is an integral part of mainstream dentistry, and a highly predictable and unique treatment modality to replace missing teeth. The long-term clinical success of dental implant is related to its early and optimal osseointegration. Despite the ongoing improvement in implant characteristics, bone intrinsic potential for osseointegration may be stimulated with adjuvant therapies to standard surgical procedures to achieve the best possible implant osseointegration into the adjacent bone and to ensure its long term success. For this purpose, various pharmacological, biological or biophysical modalities have been developed, such as bone grafting materials, pharmacological agents, growth factors and bone morphogenetic proteins. In the present study, autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) was used as an adjuvant therapy to standard surgical procedure of dental implant. The PRP reduces of post operative complications, stimulates wound healing and enhances bone regeneration around dental implant providing the most advantageous environment for its acceptance. It is safe due to its autologous nature and free from risk ocross reactivity, immune reaction or disease transmission, and it can be produced as needed from patient's own blood. Objective: To evaluate the effect of platelet rich plasma on osseointegration of dental implant. Materials and Methods: This interventional prospective controlled clinical trial was carried out in Face-bow Institute of Implant Dentistry & Prosthodontics, Mirpur, Dhaka; and Anwer Khan Modern Medical College & Hospital, Dhanmondi, Dhaka with the affiliation of Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc) of University of Rajshahi from August 2012 to December 2016. In this study, a total 300 patients with single missing tooth were consecutively selected by thorough medical and dental history as well as meticulous clinical examination, and radiological and biochemical investigations supporting the specific exclusion and inclusion criteria. Of the 300 patients, 150 were treated with dental implants using platelet rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant therapy (Study Group) and other 150 were treated with dental implants conventionally without using any adjuvant therapy (Control Group). Till the final evaluation phase 4 patients were dropped and 2 patients were excluded from study group, and 5 patients were dropped and 1 patient was excluded from the control group. Ultimately, a total of 288 patients, 144 from each group were evaluated in this study. Standard pre-surgical sterilization protocol was maintained for every patient and an ethical standard procedure was followed for surgical placement of every implant into selected site. All patients were previously informed about implant system, its merits and demits, and possible alternative treatments. Every patient gave the written informed consent before surgery.---------