Abstract:
In modern agriculture, only about 160 plants are extensively cultivated. Many
of these are reaching the limits of their improvement by traditional methods. Thus
one can no longer expect the gains generated by the green revolution. The next
agriculture revolution is near and will be based to a large extent on biotechnology.
Tissue culture technology will play a pivotal role, as it is an important vehicle for
carrying out micropropagation system, parasexual hybridization and genetic
engineering. Thus the prospects of this decade are particularly exciting!
The term "plant tissue culture" is commonly used to describe the in vitro and
aseptic cultivation of any plant part on a nutrient medium. Practically plant tissue
culture technology is based on three fundamental objectives: First, the plant part or
explant must be isolated from the plant body, this effectively disrupts the cellular,
tissue, and /or organ interactions that may occur in the intact plant. Second, the
explant must be maintained in a controlled and preferably defined midia. Both the
physical and chemical composition of the medium should effectively control the
expression of any genotypic or phenotypic potential in the cultured plant part. Third,
aseptic and controlled environmental conditions (light, humidity and temperature)
must be maintained. The term "shoot culture" describes rootless sprouts growing on
agar media. Shoot cultures are being widely used for micropropagation of ferns,
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trees, and ornamentals for conservation of genotypically defined stocks, and as
experimental material in biochemical, physiological, and genetic investigations.
The use of in vitro techniques for clonal or asexual mass propagation is the
most advanced application of plant tissue culture. Rapid asexual multiplication can
be achieved by (1) enhancing axillary bud breaking, (2) production of adventitious
buds and (3) somatic embryogenesis.------
Description:
This Thesis is Submitted to the Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh for The Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)